U.S. Equity Valuation Metrics (Z-Score Since 1900)

U.S. Equity Valuation Metrics (Z-Score Since 1900) U.S. equities look expensive by almost any historical measure, with most valuation metrics more than two standard deviations above their long-term averages. But if momentum holds, the rally…

S&P 500 Returns Around Midterm Elections

S&P 500 Returns Around Midterm Elections U.S. stocks often stall before midterm elections, with volatility picking up, but returns tend to strengthen after the vote as policy uncertainty fades. Image: Goldman Sachs Global Investment Research

S&P 500 Earnings Revisions vs. U.S. PMIs

S&P 500 Earnings Revisions vs. U.S. PMIs This year, U.S. ISM PMIs have picked up sharply, finally catching the earlier surge in earnings-revisions momentum. The cyclical upturn is now underway. Image: Topdown Charts

U.S. Economic Growth vs. S&P 500 EPS Growth

U.S. Economic Growth vs. S&P 500 EPS Growth S&P 500 earnings growth has surged far beyond what U.S. GDP growth would historically justify, sparking debate over whether this is a temporary overshoot or the start…

U.S. Small Cap Stocks – S&P 600 / S&P 500

U.S. Small Cap Stocks – S&P 600 / S&P 500 Pressure is mounting on U.S. small caps. The S&P 600 has broken below its 50-day moving average, ending a run of outperformance that began in…

U.S. Core PCE Inflation Forecast

U.S. Core PCE Inflation Forecast Goldman Sachs sees U.S. core PCE cooling to 2.2% year-over-year by Q4 2027, and that makes a string of additional rate hikes beyond today’s pricing hard to justify. Image: Goldman…