Global Trade Volume Chart showing weaker global trade volumes amid trade tensions. Image: Financial Times

S&P 500 New All-Time Highs Per Year This year has the second most new highs ever. New all-time highs can last more than 10 years and tend to occur in clusters. Image: Ryan Detrick, LPL…

Projected U.S. Health Care Costs Over the next 10 years, the federal government is expected to spend $16 trillion on health care and $6 trillion on interest costs. Image: Deutsche Bank Global Research

China Debt to GDP China’s increase in debt is massive and now exceeds 300% of GDP. Image: Institute of International Finance

GSER Financial Conditions Index and U.S. GDP Growth Chart suggesting that financial conditions should improve U.S. GDP growth. Image: Macronond, SEB X-Asset Research

Fed and Flow of Funds Annual U.S. Treasury Purchases by Sector In 2020, the Fed is expected to buy more than $510 billion in U.S. Treasuries. Image: Goldman Sachs Global Investment Research

Global PMI and Real GDP Chart showing the correlation between global PMI and real GDP. Is the worst over for global PMI? Image: J.P. Morgan

U.S. Non-Financial Corporate Debt and Net Share Repurchases (Buybacks) Thanks to low interest rates, U.S. companies are increasingly using debt to buy back shares. Image: BofA Merrill Lynch Global Research

Valuation and Returns around U.S. Presidential Elections Historically, the S&P 500 has performed well in the 12 months prior to an U.S. election. Image: Goldman Sachs Global Investment Research

Stall Probability by Scenario for U.S. Payroll Employment Chart suggesting that stall risks rise considerably and could intensify with greater deceleration in payroll employment in 2020. Image: Barclays Research

Number of Listed Companies in the U.S. The U.S. stock market is shrinking. There are fewer firms listed on U.S. stock exchanges than 20 years ago. Image: Financial Times