S&P 500 Trading Volume The decline in trading volume of the S&P 500 could pose risks for investors during the next selloff due to the lack of liquidity. Image: MarketWatch

Earnings Estimate Progression This chart shows the earnings estimate progression since 2013. For this year, the consensus estimate of EPS growth is currently around 1.9%, and around 9.7% for 2020. Image: Fidelity Investments

U.S. Fund Flows Chart showing the large divergence between flows into equity funds and those into cash and bonds. Image: Goldman Sachs Global Investment Research

U.S. Employment Six charts suggesting that U.S. employment may weaken (correlation greater than 0.87). Image: Paolo Cardena

S&P 500 Total Return vs. BarclayHedge Hedge Fund Index Hedge funds have underperformed the S&P 500 over the past decade, but volatility has been lower. Image: The Daily Shot, Bloomberg

Size of Treasury Markets The U.S. Treasuries market is the largest in the world. Image: Deutsche Bank Global Research

China M1 Money Supply Growth Leads MSCI World Index Chart suggesting that China M1 money supply growth leads the MSCI World Index by 6 months. Image: Paolo Cardena

MSCI World Growth Index vs. MSCI World Value Index Over the past decade, global value stocks have remained in the shadow, while the sun has shone on global growth stocks. Image: Financial Times

The Treadmill of U.S. Oil Shale Chart suggesting that the treadmill of U.S. shale is accelerating. Image: Goldman Sachs Global Investment Research

Global Financial Conditions Index and Global Manufacturing PMI Chart suggesting that easier financial conditions should feed through to growth, unless monetary policy is less effective. Image: Goldman Sachs Global Investment Research